Type of Human Body Tests

BLOOD TESTS

1. Hematology Tests

   • Tests: Complete Blood Count (CBC)

   • Purpose: Checks red/white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets (used to detect anemia, infection, etc.)

2. Biochemistry Tests

   • Tests:

     • Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)

     • Liver Function Test (LFT)

     • Kidney Function Test (KFT)

   • Purpose: Measures electrolytes, enzymes, glucose, creatinine, etc.

3. Lipid Profile

   • Tests: Total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides

   • Purpose: Assesses cardiovascular risk

4. Endocrinology Tests

   • Tests: TSH, T3/T4, insulin, cortisol

   • Purpose: Evaluates hormonal function (e.g., thyroid, adrenal)

5. Immunology and Serology

   • Tests: HIV, Hepatitis, CRP, ANA

   • Purpose: Detects immune responses and infections

6. Coagulation Tests

   • Tests: PT, aPTT, INR

   • Purpose: Measures blood clotting ability

7. Tumor Markers

   • Tests: PSA, CA-125, AFP

   • Purpose: Helps in cancer screening/monitoring

8. Genetic and Molecular Tests

   • Tests: BRCA1/2, PCR (e.g., COVID), NIPT

   • Purpose: Identifies genetic mutations or pathogens

URINE TESTS

1. Routine Urinalysis

   • Includes: pH, color, protein, glucose, ketones

   • Purpose: Basic health screening (kidney, liver, diabetes)

2. Urine Culture

   • Purpose: Detects urinary tract infections (UTIs)

3. Urine Microscopy

   • Purpose: Identifies crystals, bacteria, WBCs/RBCs under microscope

4. 24-hour Urine Test

   • Purpose: Measures substances like protein, calcium, creatinine over 24 hours

5. Pregnancy Test (hCG)

   • Purpose: Confirms pregnancy

6. Drug Screening

   • Purpose: Detects drug use (legal or illegal substances)

STOOL TESTS

1. Stool Occult Blood Test (FOBT)

   • Purpose: Screens for hidden blood (colon cancer)

2. Stool Culture

   • Purpose: Detects bacterial/parasitic infections

3. Ova and Parasite (O&P) Test

   • Purpose: Identifies intestinal parasites

4. Stool Fat Test

   • Purpose: Diagnoses malabsorption disorders

5. Calprotectin or Lactoferrin Test

   • Purpose: Checks for inflammation (Crohn’s, ulcerative colitis)

IMAGING SCANS

1. X-rays

   • Use: Bone fractures, lung infections, dental exams

2. Ultrasound (USG)

   • Use: Pregnancy, abdomen, thyroid, soft tissue

3. CT Scan (Computed Tomography)

   • Use: Head injuries, chest, abdomen, tumors, detailed bone

4. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

   • Use: Brain, spinal cord, joints, soft tissues

5. PET Scan (Positron Emission Tomography)

   • Use: Cancer detection, brain function

6. Mammogram

   • Use: Breast cancer screening

7. DEXA Scan

   • Use: Bone mineral density

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

1. General Inspection

   • Checks: Appearance, posture, consciousness, distress

2. Vital Signs

   • Includes: Blood pressure, pulse, temperature, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation

3. Head-to-Toe Exam

   • Includes:

     • Eyes, ears, nose, throat

     • Heart and lung auscultation

     • Abdominal palpation

     • Neurological exam

     • Reflexes and gait analysis

4. Specialized Exams

   • Examples:

     • Breast exam

     • Pelvic/prostate exam

     • Orthopedic joint exams